@Article{PaulaMCMNCACMSVBMSS:2022:SoFlRa,
               author = "Paula, Eurico Rodrigues de and Martinon, Andr{\'e} Ricardo 
                         Fazanaro and Carrano, Charles and Moraes, Alison O. and Neri, 
                         Jos{\'e} Angelo da Costa Ferreira and Cecatto, Jos{\'e} Roberto 
                         and Abdu, Mangalathayil Ali and Cunha Neto, Ac{\'a}cio and 
                         Monico, Jo{\~a}o F. G. and Silva, Weverton da Costa and Vani, 
                         Bruno C. and Batista, Inez Staciarini and Mendes, Odim and Souza, 
                         Jonas Rodrigues de and Silva, Andr{\'e} L. A",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Boston College} and 
                         {Instituto de Aeron{\'a}utica e Espa{\c{c}}o (IAE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Univesidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)} and 
                         {Univesidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)} and Instituto Federal de 
                         Educa{\c{c}}{\~a}o, Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia de S{\~a}o Paulo 
                         (IFSP) and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Tecnol{\'o}gico de Aeron{\'a}utica (ITA)}",
                title = "Solar Flare and Radio Burst Effects on GNSS Signals and the 
                         Ionosphere During September 2017",
              journal = "Radio Science",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "57",
               number = "10",
                pages = "e2021RS007418",
                month = "Oct.",
             keywords = "solar flare, solar radio burst, GNSS signal fades, positioning 
                         errors.",
             abstract = "Strong solar flare events can occur even during the decay phase of 
                         the solar cycle. During these events concurrent increases in the 
                         X-ray and Enhanced UV (EUV) fluxes and solar radio bursts (SRBs) 
                         can be observed. The SRBs cover a large range of frequencies 
                         including the L band, giving rise to signal fades in the GNSS 
                         carrier-to-noise ratio and fluctuations in its amplitude and 
                         phase. The increases in the X-ray, UV, and EUV fluxes cause 
                         increase in the ionospheric D, E, and F region electron densities. 
                         The aim of this work is to analyze the effects in the GNSS signal, 
                         in the ionosphere and in the magnetic field H component of the 
                         X9.3 and X1.3 solar flares that occurred on 06 and 07 September 
                         2017, respectively. Data from a network of six GNSS receivers, two 
                         magnetometers, and four Digisondes are used in the analysis. Fades 
                         of about 5 and 10 dB were observed in the signals of GNSS L1 and 
                         L2/L5 frequencies, respectively. Significant positioning errors, 
                         were observed for the strongest X9.3 flare. A sudden increase in 
                         Total Electron Content with the rates of 2.5-5.0 TECU/min was 
                         observed. An increase in the E layer density gave origin to an 
                         increase in the Equatorial Electrojet intensity, whose signatures 
                         were observed in the H component of two magnetometers. Another 
                         observed effect was the ionospheric D region density increase that 
                         caused disruption in the Digisonde signal. As a consequence of the 
                         described effects, GNSS receivers may fail to produce accurate 
                         navigation solution.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2021RS007418",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021RS007418",
                 issn = "0048-6604",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Radio Science - 2022 - Paula - Solar Flare and Radio Burst Effects 
                         on GNSS Signals and the Ionosphere During September 2017.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "11 maio 2024"
}